What is a parametric equalizer and what makes it so much better?
A parametric equalizer is a specialized audio processing instrument used in sound engineering to modify or refine the quality of audio signals. It differs from the familiar, simple graphic equalizers in its high level of control and flexibility. At its core, it allows users to precisely select and adjust specific frequencies. These frequencies can either be boosted or attenuated in intensity.
A key feature of the parametric equalizer is also the ability to control the bandwidth of influence around the selected frequency, known as the Q factor. This makes it possible to influence only the nearest frequencies in a very targeted manner or to modify a wider range and also to shape the edges of the curves. A high Q factor means high selectivity, whereby the equalizer concentrates very precisely on a narrow frequency bandwidth.
This is ideal for isolating and correcting specific frequency problems such as feedback or unwanted tones. On the other hand, a low Q-factor allows a wider frequency range to be affected, which is suitable for more general adjustments across the frequency spectrum, such as boosting or cutting a frequency range. The flexibility offered by the Q-factor is particularly important in professional audio applications, as it allows fine-tuning of the sound without affecting neighboring frequencies too much.
The diagram below illustrates how a parametric equalizer can process different frequencies with different gains and Q factors to create a tailored sound image:
- Low Boost
Here, a low frequency (e.g. 100 Hz) is boosted with a high Q factor, which affects a narrow bandwidth around this frequency. This setting is useful for emphasizing bass without affecting the entire frequency spectrum. - Mid Cut
This setting shows a cut in the mid frequencies (e.g. 1000 Hz) with a moderate Q-factor. It affects a wider range around the target frequency, ideal for attenuating certain mid-range frequencies. - High Boost
Here, a high frequency (e.g. 8000 Hz) is boosted with a very high Q factor. This affects a very narrow frequency range and can be used to emphasize certain high tones.
These versatile functions make the parametric equalizer an indispensable tool in many areas of audio processing, be it in the recording studio, mastering, live sound systems or high-quality audio playback devices. Its ability to adjust sound in detail and specifically offers advantages that are simply not available with graphic equalizers. But let’s get to the installation first before we get lost in the details
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