Load Regulation
Load regulation is the regulation of output voltage changes in the event of load fluctuations. The quality of a switched-mode power supply is particularly evident in dynamic areas when it comes to keeping the output voltage as constant as possible even during sharp changes in the output current. Particularly with very small loads or at minimum input voltage and full load, very strong overshoots or even dips can occur in extreme cases, which can even lead to malfunctions or damage under certain circumstances. The load regulation should be within 1 % at 12 V, as well as for the secondary rails (5 V and 3.3 V).
Test | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | Fan Speed (RPM) | PSU Noise (dB[A]) | Temps (In/Out) | PF/AC Volts |
10% | 8.100A | 1.991A | 2.008A | 0.998A | 119.98 | 86.214% | 0 | <6.0 | 44.53°C | 0.985 |
12.144V | 5.023V | 3.286V | 5.011V | 139.165 | 40.07°C | 115.09V | ||||
20% | 17.216A | 2.988A | 3.013A | 1.199A | 239.932 | 90.126% | 0 | <6.0 | 45.77°C | 0.992 |
12.142V | 5.02V | 3.286V | 5.007V | 266.213 | 40.94°C | 115.06V | ||||
30% | 26.664A | 3.489A | 3.516A | 1.4A | 359.149 | 91.481% | 0 | <6.0 | 46.34°C | 0.986 |
12.118V | 5.017V | 3.285V | 5.002V | 392.592 | 41.18°C | 115.03V | ||||
40% | 36.213A | 3.989A | 4.019A | 1.601A | 479.53 | 91.545% | 404 | <6.0 | 41.94°C | 0.988 |
12.104V | 5.014V | 3.284V | 4.996V | 523.825 | 47.45°C | 115V | ||||
50% | 45.397A | 4.989A | 5.025A | 1.803A | 599.308 | 91.168% | 421 | <6.0 | 42.3°C | 0.991 |
12.089V | 5.011V | 3.284V | 4.992V | 657.366 | 48.26°C | 114.97V | ||||
60% | 54.670A | 5.99A | 6.031A | 2A | 719.821 | 90.577% | 646 | 14.7 | 42.91°C | 0.992 |
12.073V | 5.009V | 3.283V | 4.988V | 794.705 | 49.26°C | 114.93V | ||||
70% | 63.896A | 6.993A | 7.038A | 2.208A | 839.593 | 89.785% | 984 | 28.5 | 43.31°C | 0.994 |
12.058V | 5.006V | 3.282V | 4.983V | 935.113 | 50.32°C | 114.91V | ||||
80% | 73.219A | 7.999A | 8.044A | 2.31A | 959.619 | 88.881% | 1324 | 38.1 | 43.86°C | 0.994 |
12.043V | 5.002V | 3.281V | 4.979V | 1079.659 | 51.91°C | 114.87V | ||||
90% | 82.853A | 8.503A | 8.535A | 2.413A | 1079.432 | 87.969% | 1808 | 46.3 | 44.23°C | 0.995 |
12.033V | 4.998V | 3.28V | 4.974V | 1227.062 | 53.24°C | 114.83V | ||||
100% | 92.273A | 9.012A | 9.058A | 3.024A | 1199.516 | 86.908% | 2152 | 50.2 | 45.08°C | 0.996 |
12.028V | 4.993V | 3.278V | 4.961V | 1380.224 | 55.13°C | 114.79V | ||||
110% | 101.641A | 10.023A | 10.162A | 3.027A | 1320.135 | 85.682% | 2153 | 50.2 | 46.53°C | 0.996 |
12.021V | 4.988V | 3.276V | 4.957V | 1540.741 | 57.43°C | 114.75V | ||||
CL1 | 0.115A | 14.372A | 14.532A | 0A | 121.286 | 81.4% | 866 | 24.6 | 40.24°C | 0.985 |
12.160V | 5.024V | 3.282V | 5.038V | 148.998 | 45.65°C | 115.11V | ||||
CL2 | 0.115A | 21.842A | 0A | 0A | 111.384 | 80.309% | 868 | 24.7 | 41.63°C | 0.985 |
12.166V | 5.036V | 3.28V | 5.065V | 138.695 | 49°C | 115.11V | ||||
CL3 | 0.120A | 0A | 22.071A | 0A | 74.039 | 76.954% | 1099 | 31.8 | 42.84°C | 0.98 |
12.096V | 5.021V | 3.289V | 5.013V | 96.214 | 52.03°C | 115.12V | ||||
CL4 | 99.795A | 0A | 0A | 0A | 1200.284 | 87.066% | 2151 | 50.2 | 45.24°C | 0.996 |
12.027V | 5.003V | 3.285V | 5.011V | 1378.608 | 56.16°C | 114.8V |
Ripple suppression (residual ripple suppression)
The ripple suppression is decent.
Test | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | Pass/Fail |
10% Load | 5.3 mV | 4.4 mV | 5.3 mV | 4.5 mV | Pass |
20% Load | 6.2 mV | 5.3 mV | 5.7 mV | 4.5 mV | Pass |
30% Load | 10.9 mV | 4.9 mV | 6.0 mV | 4.8 mV | Pass |
40% Load | 8.4 mV | 5.6 mV | 7.9 mV | 5.2 mV | Pass |
50% Load | 8.9 mV | 5.6 mV | 7.3 mV | 4.9 mV | Pass |
60% Load | 9.6 mV | 13.7 mV | 19.5 mV | 13.5 mV | Pass |
70% Load | 9.9 mV | 8.0 mV | 14.6 mV | 6.9 mV | Pass |
80% Load | 10.8 mV | 6.7 mV | 11.6 mV | 5.3 mV | Pass |
90% Load | 11.5 mV | 7.3 mV | 11.4 mV | 5.5 mV | Pass |
100% Load | 17.8 mV | 8.4 mV | 13.8 mV | 6.6 mV | Pass |
110% Load | 18.6 mV | 8.9 mV | 14.4 mV | 7.0 mV | Pass |
Crossload 1 | 7.1 mV | 6.2 mV | 10.7 mV | 5.2 mV | Pass |
Crossload 2 | 10.1 mV | 6.9 mV | 5.3 mV | 4.4 mV | Pass |
Crossload 3 | 53.7 mV | 6.4 mV | 16.1 mV | 6.1 mV | Pass |
Crossload 4 | 16.1 mV | 7.1 mV | 10.1 mV | 5.7 mV | Pass |
Transient response (transient behavior)
The transient response is the deviation level of the output voltage as a result of a load change. If the load changes, the power supply cannot immediately adjust to the new conditions and therefore supplies either too much or too little stored energy. The transient response is decent, but I would like to see an average deviation of 1% or less at 12 V and higher voltages at 3.3 V.
20% Load – 20ms
Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
12V | 12.147V | 11.952V | 1.60% | Pass |
5V | 5.020V | 4.938V | 1.64% | Pass |
3.3V | 3.284V | 3.178V | 3.23% | Pass |
5VSB | 5.007V | 4.917V | 1.80% | Pass |
50% Load -20ms
Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
12V | 12.082V | 12.005V | 0.63% | Pass |
5V | 5.011V | 4.943V | 1.35% | Pass |
3.3V | 3.281V | 3.173V | 3.30% | Pass |
5VSB | 4.991V | 4.925V | 1.32% | Pass |
Transient Response ATX v3.0 & 12VHPWR Connector Tests
The power supply successfully passed all ATX v3.0 transient response tests, but the 3.3V rail barely passed the 200% test, to say the least. In general, the CSZ platform has a weakness in the 3.3 V rail, which CWT should rectify in the next revision of this platform. This also affects other power supply units.
The Dark Power 13 1000 achieves the second best performance in the 200% transient load test.
- 1 - Introduction, technical data and test report
- 2 - Unboxing, cables and protective circuits
- 3 - Teardown: topology, components, processing
- 4 - Load Regulation, Ripple Suppression, Transient Resonse
- 5 - Hold-Up Time, Timings, Inrush-Current
- 6 - Average Efficiency and PF
- 7 - Noise and Fan Speed
- 8 - Summary and conclusion
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